GetYourGuide
Pyramids of Giza, Egyptian Museum & Bazaar from Sharm El Sheikh
- Site ticket for the plateau included
- Hotel pickup included
- Tour guide in German specified
- Free cancellation up to 24 hours before
A Twelve-Hour Day between the Giza Plateau and Tahrir Square
The provider Egypt Nile Felucca allocates twelve hours for this tour, starting point is Giza. From the starting point to the plateau it is 12.2 kilometers, travel time is 15 minutes. On the plateau, the three pyramids, the Great Sphinx, and the viewpoints between the structures are on the program. Then it goes to the Egyptian Museum at Tahrir Square. The old building still houses the statues of the three pyramid builders, while Tutankhamun and the royal mummies have moved out. The tour is accompanied by a guide; German is specified as a language, also Arabic, English, Spanish, and Italian. The day is intended for travelers who want to see the pyramids and museum in one go and accept a long, organized daily schedule.
Photos from the provider Egypt Nile Felucca. They show the offer, not your day.
- Provider
- Egypt Nile Felucca
- Duration
- 12 hours
- Start location
- Giza
- Group type
- private bookable
- Guide
- live guide
- German-speaking
- yes
- Hotel pickup
- yes
- Price
- from €362
- Rating
- 2.0 out of 1 review
- Quality threshold
- not passed
What is included, what is not, and what the provider remains silent about
The catalog distinguishes three states, and the third is the most important: no information does not mean excluded, but unresolved.
| Service | Status | What this means for you |
|---|---|---|
| Site ticket plateau | included | Included in the price, nothing more to pay. |
| Interior of a pyramid | no information | The normal case. Khufu officially around €16 (1,000 Egyptian pounds). |
| Hotel pickup | included | Included, meeting point is your accommodation. |
| Lunch | included | Included. |
| Burial chambers and mastabas | nowhere in the catalog | In the entire reviewed catalog, no offer sells access to a tomb on the plateau. |
| Cancellation | free up to 24 hours before | Provider's statement in the catalog. |
Site ticket plateau
- Status
- included
- What this means for you
- Included in the price, nothing more to pay.
Interior of a pyramid
- Status
- no information
- What this means for you
- The normal case. Khufu officially around €16 (1,000 Egyptian pounds).
Hotel pickup
- Status
- included
- What this means for you
- Included, meeting point is your accommodation.
Lunch
- Status
- included
- What this means for you
- Included.
Burial chambers and mastabas
- Status
- nowhere in the catalog
- What this means for you
- In the entire reviewed catalog, no offer sells access to a tomb on the plateau.
Cancellation
- Status
- free up to 24 hours before
- What this means for you
- Provider's statement in the catalog.
What the entry price includes and where the provider remains silent
The entry price starts at 362 euros and is thus the highest in its group, whose prices range from 12 to 362 euros. Included are hotel pickup, lunch, and the site ticket for the Giza Plateau. The site ticket officially costs 700 Egyptian pounds, around 11 euros; this amount is covered by the provider, it is not charged a second time at the plateau. Whether the interior of the Great Pyramid of Khufu is included is not stated by the provider; the official ticket for this interior costs 1,000 Egyptian pounds, around 16 euros. Also whether the entrance to the Egyptian Museum is included is not stated. The museum officially charges foreign adults 550 Egyptian pounds, reduced 275; the audio guide costs 75 Egyptian pounds. If you want these items clarified before booking, ask the provider. Tipping is customary in Egypt and not a surcharge for special service.
The price in comparison
Entry price of this tour against the four best-documented offers in the same category. The highlighted bar is this tour.
The price alone says little. Read it together with the line "Site ticket" in the comparison table: An offer without entrance is not cheaper, but calculated differently.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Pyramids of Giza, Egyptian Museum & … | Giza: Guided Pyramid Tour at Sun… | Giza: Pyramid, Memphis, Sakkara with … | Pyramids of Giza: Quad Desert Safari… | Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx: Half-day… |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry price | 362 € | 40 € | 31 € | 34 € | 25 € |
This tour against four comparable ones
All five come from the category "Tours from Giza". The column of this tour is highlighted; the other four are the best-documented in the category.
| Gizeh-Pyramiden, Ägyptisches Museum & Basar ab … | Gizeh: Geführte Pyramiden-Tour bei Sonnenaufgang … | Gizeh: Pyramide, Memphis, Sakkara mit optional … | Pyramiden von Gizeh: Quad-Wüstensafari und … | Pyramiden von Gizeh und Sphinx: Halbtägige private … | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provider | Egypt Nile Felucca | Egypt Excursions Online | Egypt Excursions Online | Emo Tours Egypt | Emo Tours Egypt |
| Price | from 362 € | from 40 € | from 31 € | from 34 € | from 25 € |
| Duration | 12 hours | 5 hours | 3 to 8 hours | 1 to 2 hours | 4 hours |
| Group type | private | group | group | private | private |
| German-speaking | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| Area ticket | included | Add-on | included | Add-on | included |
| Pickup | yes | yes | yes | yes | not specified |
| Rating (reviews) | 2.0 (1) | 4.7 (928) | 4.8 (388) | 4.5 (1,167) | 4.4 (1,607) |
| Quality threshold | failed | passed | passed | passed | passed |
| Free cancellation until | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h |
Gizeh-Pyramiden, Ägyptisches Museum & Basar ab Scharm El Scheich
- Provider
- Egypt Nile Felucca
- Price
- from 362 €
- Duration
- 12 hours
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 2.0 (1)
- Quality threshold
- failed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Gizeh: Geführte Pyramiden-Tour bei Sonnenaufgang mit Kamelritt und Frühstück
- Provider
- Egypt Excursions Online
- Price
- from 40 €
- Duration
- 5 hours
- Group type
- group
- German-speaking
- no
- Area ticket
- Add-on
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.7 (928)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Gizeh: Pyramide, Memphis, Sakkara mit optional Dahschur und Feluke-Tour
- Provider
- Egypt Excursions Online
- Price
- from 31 €
- Duration
- 3 to 8 hours
- Group type
- group
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.8 (388)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Pyramiden von Gizeh: Quad-Wüstensafari und optionaler Kamelritt
- Provider
- Emo Tours Egypt
- Price
- from 34 €
- Duration
- 1 to 2 hours
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- Add-on
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.5 (1,167)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Pyramiden von Gizeh und Sphinx: Halbtägige private oder Gruppen-Tour
- Provider
- Emo Tours Egypt
- Price
- from 25 €
- Duration
- 4 hours
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- no
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- not specified
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.4 (1,607)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
The order follows the documentation situation and not the commission. All values come from the same catalog fields so that the columns are comparable.
How many people have judged?
Number of reviews per offer, the grade in parentheses. A grade without its population is not information.
The quality threshold of this page is ten reviews. Anything below that is not a judgment, but a coincidence.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Pyramids of Giza, Egyptian M… (2.0) | Giza: Guided Pyramid Tour… (4.7) | Giza: Pyramid, Memphis, Sakk… (4.8) | Pyramids of Giza: Quad Desert… (4.5) | Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx… (4.4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reviews | 1 reviews | 928 reviews | 388 reviews | 1,167 reviews | 1,607 reviews |
What the grade 2.0 with a single review means
The tour is rated 2.0, but the rating is based on a single review. A grade with this population is not a reliable judgment. In the category of pyramid tours from Giza, the offer ranks 39th out of 43 when the order is formed by evidence strength. By the number of reviews, it ranks 35th: 34 other tours have more votes. The 2.0 should therefore not be read as a quality judgment; it mainly shows how thin the data situation is.
The day, stop by stop
The order follows the usual sequence. Each stop states what you can expect there and the documented figures; everything else is in the data sheet.
Pickup at your accommodation
The provider picks you up; the duration of the tour counts from here, not from the gate.
Giza Plateau
The site itself: the three pyramids, the Sphinx, and the viewpoints in between. Private vehicles are not allowed up, you go by electric shuttle or on foot.
- Site ticket foreigner (adult)700 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities
- Opening hours (official website)08:00–16:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
- Ticket office closes before gate closes1 hourAltertümerverwaltung (Regelpraxis)
Great Sphinx
Carved from the existing rock, not built. The public stands on the terrace above, not next to the paws.
- Length73 mWikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza
- Height20 mWikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza
- Public accessfrom the east through the Valley Temple of Khafre up to the viewing terraceMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Great Pyramid of Khufu
The largest of the three, from the outside. The interior is a separate ticket and is included in almost no offer.
- Original height146.6 mWikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza
- Interior visit foreigner (adult)1,000 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid)
- Midday closure12:00–13:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Pyramid of Khafre
The middle one, still partly clad at the top. Its valley temple is included in the site ticket and is the shadiest place on the site.
- Original height143.5 mMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre)
- Remaining casingpolished limestone blocks at the topMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre)
- Valley temple in site ticketincludedMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Pyramid of Menkaure
The smallest of the three, clad in granite from Aswan on its lower courses.
- Original height65 mMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
- Interior visit foreigners (adults)280 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
- Cladding materialRed granite from Aswan instead of limestoneMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
Egyptian Museum (Tahrir)
The old building on Tahrir Square. Tutankhamun and the royal mummies have moved out; the statues of the three pyramid builders are still there.
- Entry foreigners (adults)550 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum)
- Opening hours09:00–17:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum)
- Ticket office closes16:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum)
Return to starting point
The return trip is included in the stated duration. In Cairo traffic, it is the most unpredictable part of the day.
A place in this list is a stop, not a promise about the duration of the stop.
Temperatures in Cairo over the year
Average daily maximum and minimum values per month. Two series, one axis; the points mark the hottest and coldest months. Giza (city) has no official station of its own; measurements are taken in Cairo.
Daily maximumDaily minimum
There is hardly any shade on the site itself; these values are normal outdoor values and not a forecast.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily maximum | 18.9 °C | 20.5 °C | 23.8 °C | 28.1 °C | 32.2 °C | 34.6 °C | 35 °C | 34.9 °C | 33.4 °C | 30 °C | 24.9 °C | 20.5 °C |
| Daily minimum | 10.1 °C | 11 °C | 13.2 °C | 15.9 °C | 19.3 °C | 22.2 °C | 23.8 °C | 24.3 °C | 22.7 °C | 20 °C | 15.6 °C | 11.7 °C |
Cairo's temperature curve and the twelve hours outdoors
Giza itself has no official temperature readings; the chart on this page shows nearby Cairo. Between June and August, highs there reach 35 degrees, dropping to 22–24 degrees at night. Because the tour lasts twelve hours, travellers spend most of the day outdoors, and there is little shade on the plateau. If you want to avoid the intense heat, the best time is November to February: then highs range from 19 to 25 degrees, lows from 10 to 16 degrees. In May, daytime temperatures already reach 32 degrees; March, April, and October remain more moderate at 24–30 degrees. These are monthly averages, not a weather forecast.
The full data sheet
Every piece of information this project has documented about this tour, the places on its itinerary, and the area covered by your ticket: 222 rows, each with its source. Collapsed because this is not a reading page, but fully present.
Download full table as CSV · 222 Rows
Show all 222 entries
| Item | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| The offer30 | ||
| Provider title | Giza Pyramids, Egyptian Museum & Bazaar from Sharm El Sheikh | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Provider | Egypt Nile Felucca | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Product number | 600982 | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Start location | Giza | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Duration | 12 hours | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Multi-day | no | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Starting price | 362 € | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Starting price in local currency | approx. 21,408 EGP | Exchange rate 59.14 EGP per euro |
| Rating | 2.0 stars | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Number of reviews | 1 | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Project quality threshold | not passed | Own rule: at least 4.0 with at least 10 reviews |
| Rank in category | 39 of 43 in 'Tours from Giza' | Own evaluation, grade weighted by number of reviews |
| Plateau area ticket | included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Interior of a pyramid | no information | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Access to a tomb | no offer in the catalogue sells that | Own evaluation of all 252 offers |
| Hotel pickup | included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Lunch | included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Type of guide | live guide | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Guide languages | Arabic, English, German, Spanish, Italian | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| German-speaking guide | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Private booking possible | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Small group | no | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Group type according to provider | Private group | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Priority entry | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Wheelchair accessible | no information | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Free cancellation | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Cancellation deadline | 24 hours before start | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Giza reference in catalogue | high | Own verification of catalog fields |
| Provider images | 5 photos | GetYourGuide catalog |
| Data status | 2026-09-03 | Own retrieval |
| Giza Plateau22 | ||
| Area ticket foreigners (adults) | EGP 700 · Students EGP 350; Egyptians EGP 60/30. Does NOT cover interiors | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Area ticket students (foreigners) | EGP 350 | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Opening hours (official website) | 08:00–16:00 · Official sources contradict each other (PDF from 2020: 07:00–17:00); ticket office closes one hour before closing | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Ticket office closes before gate closes | 1 hour | Antiquities administration (standard practice) |
| Payment at ticket office | card only, no cash · Cashless sales since 2023; cash still needed for tips and small items | Daily News Egypt |
| Main entrance since 2025 | Great Gate on the Cairo–Fayoum desert road (southwest) · Replaces the old gate at Mena House; Sphinx Gate open but without ticket office | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Private vehicles on the plateau | banned since the 2025 reorganization | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Electric shuttle | included in admission, hop-on/hop-off · Stops: Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Panorama Point, Sphinx | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Visitor operations | Orascom Pyramids Entertainment (OPE), 15-year contract since 2018 · Ticket revenue remains fully with the state, plus 50% of project profit | Egyptian Streets |
| Visitors per year (operator figure) | 3,500,000 · Figure from 5 Jan 2026; target 5 million; no official per-site figures published | Middle East Observer |
| Visitors per day (derived) | 9,600 · Calculated from 3.5 million/year | Middle East Observer |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 · Part of 'Memphis and its Necropolis', No. 86 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Area of the World Heritage site | 16,358.52 ha | UNESCO / Wikidata |
| Length of the pyramid field (Abu Roash to Dahshur) | 30 km · Over two dozen pyramids depending on counting method | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Great Pyramid of Khufu closed at noon | 12:00–13:00 | RESEARCH-BASE (site visit 2026-08-31) |
| Interior of the Great Pyramid (circulating figures) | EGP 400–1,500 · Three orders of magnitude circulate; daily quota ~300 in two windows (Hawass regulation after 1998) | RESEARCH-BASE (multiple sources, disputed) |
| Entry under 16 on Fri/Sat/holidays | only with ID or accompanied · Regulation from June 2022; current application unverified | Egypt Independent |
| Major concerts at the plateau since | 1978 · About 15 documented major performances in five decades, almost yearly since 2021 | The National |
| First professional boxing match at the plateau | 2026-05-23 · Usyk vs. Verhoeven, T.K.o. round 11 | Saudi Press Agency |
| Private photography at sites | free, including with system/SLR cameras · Requires permit: photo umbrellas, artificial light, equipment blocking paths | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Milky Way over the plateau | not visible (brightest night sky worldwide in the Nile Delta) · Starry-sky photos over the pyramids are montages | Falchi et al., Science Advances 2016 |
| Air purification system in the King's Chamber since | September 2025 · Plasmacluster; aim: reduce humidity, protect walls | Egyptian Streets |
| Great Sphinx23 | ||
| Length | 73 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Height | 20 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Width | 19 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Material | carved directly from the bedrock · Not a built structure, but a sculpture in natural limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Time of origin | 4th Dynasty, c. 2613–2494 BC · Thus the oldest of the Egyptian colossal statues | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Attribution | Reign of Khafre, c. 2558–2532 BC · The official wording is “the evidence points to” – attested but not proven | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Iconography | the king with a lion's body, as a sign of his power | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Sphinx Temple | immediately in front, next to the Valley Temple of Khafre | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Construction sequence | the Valley Temple was finished before work on the Sphinx began · Result of archaeological analysis, not tradition | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Facial features | striking resemblance to the statues of Khafre | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Interpretation in the New Kingdom | manifestation of the sun god, called Horemakhet (“Horus in the Horizon”) · 18th Dynasty, c. 1550–1295 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Temple of Amenhotep II | built next to the Sphinx, dedicated to this god · Amenhotep II, c. 1427–1400 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Dream Stele | erected by Thutmose IV between the front paws · Thutmose IV, c. 1400–1390 BC; the research figure given by NOVA is 1401–1391 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Content of the Dream Stele | The young prince rests at noon in the shadow of the Sphinx; the god promises him kingship in a dream if he removes the sand | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Purpose of the stele | legitimation of succession and fulfillment of the royal core duty to maintain sacred buildings | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Condition in the New Kingdom | largely buried in sand, presumably only the head visible | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| The Plateau in the New Kingdom | Court's recreational area: hunting, chariot driving, archery, rest stops in the shade | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Dream Stele: material and size | Granite, just under four meters high, several tons · Only attested secondarily; according to a common interpretation, a reused lintel from the valley temple of Khafre | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Dream Stele: condition | about half of the text missing, crack from the twelfth line · Uncovered in 1817 by Giovanni Battista Caviglia; thereafter accelerated weathering | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Public access | from the east through the valley temple of Khafre up to the viewing terrace · There is no walkable circular path on the north side of the pit; the closest distance is on the order of 30 to 50 m | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Access at paw height | official category "The Sphinx (Private Visits only + Site Opening Fee)" · Private booking outside operating hours with additional opening fee – not an invention of providers, but also not a regular ticket | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Claim of a second, buried sphinx | not substantiated · Presentation from June 2026 from the same group whose foundational work was withdrawn in August 2026 | Remote Sensing (MDPI), retraction notice 10.08.2026 |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Great Pyramid of Khufu25 | ||
| Original height | 146.6 m · 280 cubits; the official site states 146.5 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Current height | 138.5 m · The missing eight meters are the removed casing and the tip | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Base length | 230.33 m · 440 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Volume | 2,600,000 m³ | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Inclination angle | 51°50'40" · Corresponds to a seked of 5 1/2 palms | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Material | Limestone, mortar, granite | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Origin of the casing | Turah, south of Maadi, delivered by ship · The structure was once completely clad in high-quality limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Builder | King Khufu (Cheops), ca. 2589–2566 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Estimated construction time | 10 to 20 years · Official figure; exactly how it was built remains unresolved to this day | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Tallest building in the world | for 3,800 years | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Seven Wonders of the World | the only surviving one of the ancient seven wonders | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Chambers | 3 chambers · One in the bedrock, two in the masonry – according to the ministry, no other pyramid has this | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Sarcophagus | in the King's Chamber, still in place today | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Grand Gallery | corbelled ascent to the King's Chamber | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Boat pits on the south side | 2 ships · Found dismantled; the first boat is now in the Grand Egyptian Museum | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Interior visit foreigners (adults) | 1,000 EGP · Official amount; the site ticket is additionally required. In circulation are also 400 to 1,500 EGP – the ministry's figure is the reliable one | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Interior visit students | 500 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Opening hours (monument side) | 07:00–17:00 · Seven days; the site side of the same ministry states 08:00–16:00. The contradiction is official and unresolved | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Midday closure | 12:00–13:00 · Only the Great Pyramid; documented in the project's research base | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Temporary closure | April 1, 1998 · Humidity inside had risen to 80 percent due to visitors | Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid |
| Water release per visitor | 20 g · Through breath and sweat; the moisture carries salts into the plaster and justifies the tight daily quota | Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid |
| Air purification system | since September 2025 in the King's Chamber and the chamber below · Plasmacluster technology; the system is located in the chambers, not in the Grand Gallery | Egyptian Streets / Ahram Online, September 2025 |
| ScanPyramids: Big Void | at least 30 m above the Grand Gallery · Muon radiography, published 2017 | Nature 2017 (ScanPyramids) |
| ScanPyramids: North Face Corridor | confirmed behind the chevron stones on the north side · Confirmed in 2025 by ground-penetrating radar, ultrasound, and resistivity measurement | Scientific Reports 2025 (North Face Corridor) |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 · As part of "Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur" | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Pyramid of Khafre23 | ||
| Original height | 143.5 m · Only slightly lower than the Great Pyramid | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Current height | 136.4 m · 274 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Base length | 215.25 m | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Volume | 2,211,096 m³ | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Inclination angle | 53°10' · Steeper than the Great Pyramid, which partially compensates for the loss in height | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Builder | King Khafre (Chephren), ca. 2558–2532 BC · A son of Khufu | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Location | built on slightly higher bedrock · That is why it appears as tall as his father's – the official text explicitly calls this an intention | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Remaining casing | polished limestone blocks at the top · The only one of the three that still has its casing at the top | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Origin of the casing | Turah, south of Maadi, by ship | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Core masonry | Blocks of local limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Mortuary and valley temples | larger than those of all earlier pyramids · And among the best-preserved structures of the Old Kingdom | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Valley temple: construction | massive limestone blocks with granite casing, alabaster floors, monolithic granite pillars | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Valley temple: statue niches | symmetrically arranged, once filled with royal statues | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Most famous statue | Granodiorite seated figure with Horus falcon at the back of the head · Considered one of the masterpieces of ancient Egyptian art | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| The Great Sphinx | officially part of Khafre's complex · Literally listed as a “colossal statue next to his valley temple” | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Statue discoveries | 1860 by Auguste Mariette, some from a shaft in the temple | Giza Project, Harvard University |
| Current location of the statues | contradictory records · The official site names the Egyptian Museum, while the Harvard find catalogue lists most pieces with GEM inventory numbers | Giza Project, Harvard University |
| North-south axis relative to Khufu | about 0.5 arc minutes difference · Total station survey by Nell and Ruggles, December 2006 | Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) |
| Right angles of the sides | more precise than the Great Pyramid · Same survey; the east-west axis of both is closer to true cardinal than the north-south axis | Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) |
| Valley temple in the area ticket | included · Thus the nearest accessible interior near the Sphinx and the shadiest spot on the open site | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Interior visit | not officially listed · The monument page does not show a ticket block; circulating figures range from 130 to 280 EGP. Do not treat as a price | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Claimed chambers beneath the pyramid | not substantiated · The March 2025 press conference relied on a method whose foundational paper was withdrawn on 10 August 2026; the authors dispute the withdrawal | Remote Sensing (MDPI), withdrawal notice 10.08.2026 |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Pyramid of Menkaure20 | ||
| Original height | 65 m · 125 cubits | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Base dimensions | 102.2 × 104.6 m · 200 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Volume | 235,183 m³ · About one tenth of the Great Pyramid | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Angle of inclination | 51°20'25" | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Builder | King Menkaure, c. 2532–2503 BC · Probably son of Khafre and grandson of Khufu | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Base area compared | less than a quarter of the other two · The ministry cites, among other reasons, the limited space on the plateau | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Casing material | red granite from Aswan instead of limestone · Over 800 km transport route, and a much harder stone than limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Granite portion of the casing | only the lower quarter · The rest is limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Condition at the end of his reign | unfinished · Menkaure died before completion; many granite blocks were never smoothed | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Mortuary and valley temples | planned as limestone with granite casing, executed in whitewashed mudbrick | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Funerary cult after his death | practised for about 300 more years | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Queen's pyramids | 3 pyramids | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Satellite pyramid | none found · It is suspected that the largest of the three queen's pyramids originally had this role | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Interior visit foreigners (adults) | 280 EGP · Official amount, area ticket also required | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Interior visit students | 140 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Opening hours (monument page) | 07:00–17:00 · Seven days | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Announced casing project | January 2024, estimated at three years · The granite blocks lying on the ground were to be reattached | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| Decision of the review committee | unanimous rejection · Reason: the original position of no single block can be determined | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| Instead recommended | surveying, sorting the fallen blocks, excavation in the rubble slope, making the site accessible to visitors · The construction project became a research and interpretation project – the current state remains | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Egyptian Museum (Tahrir)21 | ||
| Opening | 1902 by Khedive Abbas Helmy II | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Architect | Marcel Dourgnon (France) · Selected in an international competition in 1895 – according to the ministry, the first of its kind | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Rank | oldest archaeological museum in the Middle East | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Collection size | 170,000 objects · The ministry calls it the world's largest collection of Pharaonic antiquities | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Exhibition period | Predynastic to Greco-Roman period | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Highlights | Complete burials of Yuya and Thuya, Psusennes I with the treasures of Tanis, Narmer Palette | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Statues of the three pyramid builders | Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure · The most direct reason to combine this museum with a day at the plateau | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Opening hours | 9:00 AM–5:00 PM · Seven days a week | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Ticket office closes | 4:00 PM · One hour before closing – same rule as at the plateau | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Admission foreigners (adults) | EGP 550 | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Admission students (foreigners) | EGP 275 | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Audio guide (foreigners) | EGP 75 | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Free admission | Children under 6, Egyptian seniors 60+, Egyptians with disabilities, orphans, registered school groups | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Photography | Free with mobile phone, no flash · Commercial shoots only with permit and daily fee; tripod only with its own ticket | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) |
| Location | Tahrir Square, downtown Cairo | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Coordinates: Latitude | 30.05 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Coordinates: Longitude | 31.23 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Distance to Giza Plateau | 16.9 km · Free-flow time about 19 minutes; in Cairo traffic realistically much longer | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Royal mummies | 22 mummies (18 kings, 4 queens) moved to the NMEC on April 3, 2021 · Pharaohs' Golden Parade – the mummies are no longer here | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Tutankhamun | The gold mask and throne have moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum · If you come for Tutankhamun, you must go to the GEM; the Tahrir house retains other collections | Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum |
| Offers in the project catalog that include this museum | 23 offers | GetYourGuide catalog, project dataset partners/directory/tours.json |
| Giza (city) and the climate17 | ||
| Population | 4,458,135 inhabitants · As of 2023; third-largest city in Egypt | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| City area | 98.4 km² | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Elevation above sea level | 30 m | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Latitude | 29.99 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Longitude | 31.21 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Founded | 642 AD | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Administrative seat | Capital of Giza Governorate | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Visitors 2025 | 14,700,000 people · According to the article, Egypt's most visited destination | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Road to Giza Plateau | 12.2 km · From central Giza; the plateau lies on the western edge of the city | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Driving time to Giza Plateau | 15 min · Free-flow time without traffic; in the Greater Cairo area realistically much longer | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Distance to Memphis (Mit Rahina) | Under 30 km south | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| International airport | CAI IATA · According to the article, 45 km from Giza via the Cairo-Alexandria desert road | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Second airport: Sphinx International (SPX) | Opened 2018 · Explicitly built to serve the plateau and the Grand Egyptian Museum | Wikipedia (en): Sphinx International Airport |
| Sphinx Airport to Giza Plateau | 36.8 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Cairo University on site since | 1924 · The campus is in Giza, not Cairo | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Public transport | Cairo Metro, shared network with Cairo | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Nearest official climate station | Cairo Airport (NOAA normals 1991-2020) · According to the article, the climate matches that of Cairo; no separate official normals exist for Giza | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Cairo: Normals of the nearest station41 | ||
| Population (city) | 9,801,536 inhabitants · As of 2023 | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Population (Greater Cairo) | 22,200,000 inhabitants | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| City area | 606 km² | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Greater Cairo area | 2,744 km² | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Elevation above sea level | 23 m | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Latitude | 30.04 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Longitude | 31.24 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Founding of the Fatimid city | 969 AD · Older predecessor settlements (Babylon, Fustat) are significantly earlier | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Nearest airport | CAI IATA | Wikipedia (en): Cairo International Airport |
| Airport to city center | 20.7 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Road to Giza Plateau | 16.5 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Driving time to Giza Plateau | 18 min · Free-flow time without traffic; in Greater Cairo realistically longer | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| January daily high | 18.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| January daily low | 10.1°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| February daily high | 20.5°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| February daily low | 11°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| March daily high | 23.8°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| March daily low | 13.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| April daily high | 28.1°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| April daily low | 15.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| May daily high | 32.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| May daily low | 19.3°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| June daily high | 34.6°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| June daily low | 22.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| July daily high | 35°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| July daily low | 23.8°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| August daily high | 34.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| August daily low | 24.3°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| September daily high | 33.4°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| September daily low | 22.7°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| October daily high | 30°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| October daily low | 20°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| November daily high | 24.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| November daily low | 15.6°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| December daily high | 20.5°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| December daily low | 11.7°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual precipitation | 24.8 mm | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual mean of daily highs | 28.1°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual mean of daily lows | 17.5°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Highest recorded value | 47.8°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Lowest recorded value | 1.2°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
Giza Plateau: Ticket office hours, card payment, and new main entrance
For the plateau, the official website states 08:00 to 16:00, while older official sources state 07:00 to 17:00. The ticket office closes one hour before the end of opening hours. Payment at the counter is by card only; cash is not accepted there. However, you will still need cash for small purchases on the site. Since the 2025 reorganization, private vehicles are no longer allowed onto the plateau. If you are not walking, you can use the electric shuttle with stops at Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Panorama, and Sphinx. Since 2025, the main entrance is at the Great Gate on the desert road between Cairo and Fayoum. The old gate at Mena House has been replaced; the Sphinx Gate remains open but has no ticket counter.
Who should book the long tour and who should not
This tour is for travelers who want to spend a full day on the plateau and the Egyptian Museum and would like a guided experience. It is not the right choice for those who only want to see the pyramids and the Sphinx and have the rest of the day free, or who do not want to be out for twelve hours. In that case, the comparison group offers the alternative “Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx: Half-Day Private or Group Tour”; it lasts four hours and does not include a German-speaking guide. If you prefer riding a quad, you can find “Pyramids of Giza: Quad Desert Safari with Optional Camel Ride”, a one- to two-hour offering. The provider does not state anything about wheelchair accessibility.
Similar tours on this page
Six offers that a reader of this page might actually be deciding between: same departure point first, then same destinations, then similar duration. Each card leads to the page with the same data sheet, not directly to the provider, so you can compare before booking.
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Gizeh-Pyramiden, Ägyptisches Museum ab Ein-El-Sokhna-Hafen.
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The order follows proximity to this tour, not commission. Reviews, prices and availability according to GetYourGuide, retrieved on 2026-09-03. Prices in euros; "from" is the provider's lowest entry price.
Frequently asked questions
Is the entrance to the plateau included in this offer?
Yes. The area ticket for €11 (700 Egyptian pounds) is included in the price.
How long does the tour actually take?
The catalog states 12 hours. This time is counted from the meeting point or hotel, not from the gate; in Cairo traffic, you should allow a good half hour to an hour each way.
Is there a German-speaking guide?
Yes, the provider lists German as the guiding language. This is a promise from the provider and not a verified characteristic of the on-site person.
Does this get me into a pyramid?
The offer doesn't say anything about that, which is the case for 175 out of 252 offers. You buy the ticket on site; for the Great Pyramid of Khufu it officially costs around 16 euros (1,000 Egyptian pounds).
Is the rating of this offer meaningful?
No. 2.0 stars from only 1 review is not enough for a judgment, regardless of how high the rating is.
Where can I find all the data about this tour?
In the data sheet on this page. It lists every detail about the tour, each stop, and the climate of the departure city, each with its source, and can be downloaded as a CSV.
GetYourGuide
Giza Pyramids, Egyptian Museum & Bazaar from Sharm El Sheikh
Dates, availability, and the latest version of the services are provided by the operator. This page reflects the catalog status, not the status as of this morning.
Sources
Every figure on this page comes from one of these sources. The text doesn't mention them to keep it readable; the data sheet lists the source for each line.
- 1GetYourGuide: Gizeh-Pyramiden, Ägyptisches Museum & Basar ab Scharm El Scheich abgerufen 2026-09-03Title, duration, services, languages, cancellation policy, stars, number of reviews, and starting price.
- 2Kursdatensatz des Projekts, partners/fx.json abgerufen 2026-09-03Conversion of Egyptian pounds to euros, 59.14 EGP per euro. Amounts are rounded down because "from" indicates a lower limit.
- 3Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 4Altertümerverwaltung (Regelpraxis) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 5Daily News Egypt abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 6RESEARCH-BASE abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 7Egyptian Streets abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 8Middle East Observer abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 9UNESCO World Heritage Centre abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 10UNESCO / Wikidata abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 11RESEARCH-BASE (Ortstermin 2026-08-31) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 12RESEARCH-BASE (mehrere Quellen, umstritten) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 13Egypt Independent abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 14The National abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 15Saudi Press Agency abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 16Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 17Falchi et al., Science Advances 2016 abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 18Egyptian Streets abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 19Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 20Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 21Kasia Szpakowska im Gespraech mit NOVA (PBS) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 22Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 23Remote Sensing (MDPI), Ruecknahmehinweis 10.08.2026 abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 24Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 25Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 26Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 27Egyptian Streets / Ahram Online, September 2025 abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 28Nature 2017 (ScanPyramids) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 29Scientific Reports 2025 (North Face Corridor) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 30Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 31Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 32Giza Project, Harvard University abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 33Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 34Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 35Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 36State Information Service (Pruefkommission Mykerinos) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 37Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Egyptian Museum) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 38Wikipedia (en): Egyptian Museum abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 39OSRM-Routing auf OpenStreetMap-Daten abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 40GetYourGuide-Katalog, Projektdatensatz partners/directory/tours.json abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 41Wikipedia (en): Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 42Wikipedia (en): Sphinx International Airport abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 43Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-09-04
- 44RESEARCH-BASE abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 45UNESCO World Heritage Centre abgerufen 2026-09-04
- 46Egypt Independent abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 47Wikipedia (en): Cairo abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 48Wikipedia (en): Cairo International Airport abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 49NOAA-Klimanormalen 1991-2020 via Wikipedia abgerufen 2026-09-03