GetYourGuide
★ 5.0(10 Reviews)Pyramids of Giza, Saqqara, Mysterious Serapeum, Dahshur
- Site ticket for the plateau included
- Hotel pickup included
- German-speaking guide indicated
- Free cancellation up to 24 hours before
Start in Giza, route over the plateau to Saqqara
This tour starts in Giza. From the city area, it's just over twelve kilometers to the plateau, where you'll see the Pyramid of Khufu, that of Khafre, that of Menkaure, and the Great Sphinx. Then the route leads forty kilometers south to Saqqara to the Step Pyramid of Djoser. The program name also mentions the Mysterious Serapeum and Dahshur; what exactly is included there is not specified by the provider. The total duration is also left open. The driving time from the city area to the plateau is given as about 15 minutes. If you want to see the three pyramids and the Step Pyramid on one connected excursion, here's a tour that starts from Giza.
Photos by the provider ValleraTours. They show the offer, not your day.
- Provider
- ValleraTours
- Duration
- No details
- Start location
- Giza
- Group type
- Private booking available
- Guide
- Live guide
- German-speaking
- Yes
- Hotel pickup
- Yes
- Price
- From €155
- Rating
- 5.0 out of 10 reviews
- Quality threshold
- Passed
What's included, what's not, and what the provider doesn't say
The catalog distinguishes three states, and the third is the most important: no details doesn't mean excluded, but unclarified.
| Service | Status | What it means for you |
|---|---|---|
| Site ticket plateau | Included | Included in the price, nothing more to pay. |
| Interior of a pyramid | No details | The norm. Khufu officially around €16 (1,000 Egyptian pounds). |
| Hotel pickup | Included | Included, meeting point is your accommodation. |
| Lunch | Not included | Not included. |
| Burial chambers and mastabas | Nowhere in the catalog | In the entire reviewed catalog, no offer sells access to a tomb on the plateau. |
| Cancellation | Free up to 24 hours before | Provider's statement in the catalog. |
Site ticket plateau
- Status
- Included
- What it means for you
- Included in the price, nothing more to pay.
Interior of a pyramid
- Status
- No details
- What it means for you
- The norm. Khufu officially around €16 (1,000 Egyptian pounds).
Hotel pickup
- Status
- Included
- What it means for you
- Included, meeting point is your accommodation.
Lunch
- Status
- Not included
- What it means for you
- Not included.
Burial chambers and mastabas
- Status
- Nowhere in the catalog
- What it means for you
- In the entire reviewed catalog, no offer sells access to a tomb on the plateau.
Cancellation
- Status
- Free up to 24 hours before
- What it means for you
- Provider's statement in the catalog.
What the entry price includes and what it doesn't
The entry price is from €155; in the category, this places it in the top twelve percent of the price range. The booking can be cancelled free of charge up to 24 hours before. Included in the price are hotel pickup, a tour guide, and the site ticket for the Giza plateau. With this ticket, the provider covers the official amount of 700 Egyptian pounds, about €11; it won't be charged again at the ticket office. Lunch is explicitly not included. This makes the tour part of a minority: only ten other offers in the category also do without it. Whether the tour leads into a pyramid is not stated by the provider; the silence is not an exclusion. If you want to go inside yourself, there are official interior tickets that apply in addition to the site ticket: for the Pyramid of Khufu, 1,000 Egyptian pounds, about €16, and for the Pyramid of Menkaure, 280 Egyptian pounds. The Giza ticket is not valid for Saqqara; there, there is a separate ticket structure with several individual tickets. The provider does not specify which amounts are due in Saqqara. Tips are customary but not a calculated surcharge.
The price in comparison
Entry price of this tour against the four best-documented offers in the same category. The highlighted bar is this tour.
The price alone says little. Read it together with the 'Site ticket' row in the comparison table: An offer without entrance is not cheaper, but calculated differently.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Pyramids of Giza, Saqqara, Mysterious S… | Giza: Guided Pyramid Tour at Sun… | Giza: Pyramid, Memphis, Saqqara with… | Pyramids of Giza: Quad Desert Safari… | Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx: Half-Day… |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entry price | 155 € | 40 € | 31 € | 34 € | 25 € |
This tour against four comparable ones
All five come from the category 'Tours from Giza'. The column for this tour is highlighted; the other four are the best-documented in the category.
| Gizeh-Pyramiden, Sakkara, Mystisches Serapeum … | Gizeh: Geführte Pyramiden-Tour bei Sonnenaufgang … | Gizeh: Pyramide, Memphis, Sakkara mit optional … | Pyramiden von Gizeh: Quad-Wüstensafari und … | Pyramiden von Gizeh und Sphinx: Halbtägige private … | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provider | ValleraTours | Egypt Excursions Online | Egypt Excursions Online | Emo Tours Egypt | Emo Tours Egypt |
| Price | from 155 € | from 40 € | from 31 € | from 34 € | from 25 € |
| Duration | 5 hours | 3 to 8 hours | 1 to 2 hours | 4 hours | |
| Group type | private | group | group | private | private |
| German-speaking | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| Area ticket | included | Add-on | included | Add-on | included |
| Pickup | yes | yes | yes | yes | not specified |
| Rating (reviews) | 5.0 (10) | 4.7 (928) | 4.8 (388) | 4.5 (1,167) | 4.4 (1,607) |
| Quality threshold | passed | passed | passed | passed | passed |
| Free cancellation until | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h | 24 h |
Gizeh-Pyramiden, Sakkara, Mystisches Serapeum, Dahschur
- Provider
- ValleraTours
- Price
- from 155 €
- Duration
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 5.0 (10)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Gizeh: Geführte Pyramiden-Tour bei Sonnenaufgang mit Kamelritt und Frühstück
- Provider
- Egypt Excursions Online
- Price
- from 40 €
- Duration
- 5 hours
- Group type
- group
- German-speaking
- no
- Area ticket
- Add-on
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.7 (928)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Gizeh: Pyramide, Memphis, Sakkara mit optional Dahschur und Feluke-Tour
- Provider
- Egypt Excursions Online
- Price
- from 31 €
- Duration
- 3 to 8 hours
- Group type
- group
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.8 (388)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Pyramiden von Gizeh: Quad-Wüstensafari und optionaler Kamelritt
- Provider
- Emo Tours Egypt
- Price
- from 34 €
- Duration
- 1 to 2 hours
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- yes
- Area ticket
- Add-on
- Pickup
- yes
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.5 (1,167)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
Pyramiden von Gizeh und Sphinx: Halbtägige private oder Gruppen-Tour
- Provider
- Emo Tours Egypt
- Price
- from 25 €
- Duration
- 4 hours
- Group type
- private
- German-speaking
- no
- Area ticket
- included
- Pickup
- not specified
- Rating (reviews)
- 4.4 (1,607)
- Quality threshold
- passed
- Free cancellation until
- 24 h
The order follows the documentation and not the commission. All values come from the same catalog fields to make the columns comparable.
How many people have judged?
Number of reviews per offer, with the rating in parentheses. A rating without its sample size is not information.
The quality threshold on this page is ten reviews. Anything below is not a judgment but a coincidence.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Pyramids of Giza, Saqqara, Myst… (5.0) | Giza: Guided Pyramid Tour… (4.7) | Giza: Pyramid, Memphis, Saqq… (4.8) | Pyramids of Giza: Quad Desert… (4.5) | Pyramids of Giza and Sphinx… (4.4) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reviews | 10 Reviews | 928 Reviews | 388 Reviews | 1,167 Reviews | 1,607 Reviews |
Ten reviews, a good average, a narrow base
The indicated rating of 5.0 is based on ten reviews. Such a small number is not a reliable market judgment. In the category of pyramid tours from Giza, the tour ranks 15th out of 43 in terms of documentation; the order is based not only on the score but also on how complete the service information is. By the mere number of reviews, the offer with ten votes ranks 23rd. If you're looking for a sense of many guests' opinions, you'll find offers in the same category with several hundred reviews.
The day, stop by stop
The order follows the usual sequence. Each stop tells you what to expect there and the documented figures; everything else is in the data sheet.
Pickup at your accommodation
The provider picks you up; the tour duration counts from here, not from the gate.
Giza Plateau
The site itself: the three pyramids, the Sphinx, and the viewpoints in between. Private vehicles are not allowed up; you travel by electric shuttle or on foot.
- Site ticket foreigners (adults)700 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities
- Opening hours (official website)08:00–16:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
- Ticket office closes before gate closes1 hourAltertümerverwaltung (Regelpraxis)
Great Sphinx
Carved from the bedrock, not built. Visitors stand on the terrace above, not beside the paws.
- Length73 mWikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza
- Height20 mWikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza
- Public accessFrom the east through the Valley Temple of Khafre up to the viewing terraceMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Great Pyramid of Khufu
The largest of the three, from the outside. The interior is a separate ticket and is included in almost no offer.
- Original height146.6 mWikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza
- Interior visit foreigners (adults)1,000 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid)
- Midday closure12:00–13:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Pyramid of Khafre
The middle one, still partly clad at the top. Its valley temple is included in the site ticket and is the shadiest spot on the site.
- Original height143.5 mMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre)
- Remaining casingPolished limestone blocks at the topMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre)
- Valley temple in site ticketIncludedMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau)
Pyramid of Menkaure
The smallest of the three, clad in granite from Aswan on the lower courses.
- Original height65 mMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
- Interior visit foreigners (adults)280 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
- Cladding materialRed granite from Aswan instead of limestoneMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure)
Saqqara (Step Pyramid of Djoser)
Forty kilometres south, with the Step Pyramid of Djoser. Separate price list with up to seven individual tickets.
- Distance from Cairo40 kmMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara)
- Area ticket foreigners (adults)600 EGPMinistry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara)
- Opening hours08:00–16:00Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities
Return to starting point
The return trip is included in the stated duration. In Cairo traffic, it is the most unpredictable part of the day.
A place in this list is a stop, not a promise about the duration of the stop.
Temperatures in Cairo over the year
Mean daily maximum and minimum values per month. Two series, one axis; the points mark the hottest and coldest months. Giza (city) has no official station of its own; measurements are taken in Cairo.
Daily maximumDaily minimum
There is hardly any shade on the site itself; these values are normal outdoor values and not a forecast.
Figures in this chart as a table
| Row | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily maximum | 18.9 °C | 20.5 °C | 23.8 °C | 28.1 °C | 32.2 °C | 34.6 °C | 35 °C | 34.9 °C | 33.4 °C | 30 °C | 24.9 °C | 20.5 °C |
| Daily minimum | 10.1 °C | 11 °C | 13.2 °C | 15.9 °C | 19.3 °C | 22.2 °C | 23.8 °C | 24.3 °C | 22.7 °C | 20 °C | 15.6 °C | 11.7 °C |
Cairo monthly averages: cool months, hot days, little shade
The chart above this section shows monthly averages from the official station in Cairo; there are no separate measurements for the city of Giza. These are normal outdoor values, not a forecast. June, July and August reach 35 degrees during the day, about 24 degrees at night. If you want to avoid the heat, the coolest values are from December to February, with average highs between 19 and 20 degrees. On the plateau itself there is hardly any shade. The low values of each month belong to the hours at night and early morning. Since the tour has no specified duration, on warm days you should start during these cooler hours.
The complete data sheet
Every piece of information that this project has documented about this tour, the places in its itinerary, and the area covered by its ticket: 230 rows, each with its source. Collapsed because this is not a reading page, but fully present.
Download full table as CSV · 230 Rows
Show all 230 entries
| Item | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| The offer30 | ||
| Provider title | Giza Pyramids, Saqqara, Mystic Serapeum, Dahshur | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Provider | ValleraTours | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Product number | 479889 | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Start location | Giza | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Duration | not specified | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Multi-day | no | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Starting price | 155 € | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Starting price in local currency | about 9,167 EGP | Exchange rate 59.14 EGP per euro |
| Rating | 5.0 stars | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Number of reviews | 10 | GetYourGuide, live retrieval |
| Project quality threshold | passed | Own rule: at least 4.0 with at least 10 reviews |
| Rank in category | 15 out of 43 in "Tours from Giza" | Own evaluation, score weighted by number of reviews |
| Plateau area ticket | included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Interior of a pyramid | not specified | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Access to a tomb | no offer in the catalogue sells this | Own evaluation of all 252 offers |
| Hotel pickup | included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Lunch | not included | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Type of guide | live guide | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Guide languages | English, Russian, German, Spanish, Arabic | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| German-speaking guide | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Private booking possible | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Small group | no | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Group format according to provider | Private group | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Preferred entry | no | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Wheelchair accessible | not specified | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Free cancellation | yes | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Cancellation deadline | 24 hours before start | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Giza reference in catalogue | high | Own verification of catalogue fields |
| Provider images | 5 photos | GetYourGuide catalogue |
| Data status | 2026-09-03 | Own retrieval |
| Giza Plateau22 | ||
| Area ticket foreigners (adults) | 700 EGP · Students 350 EGP; Egyptians 60/30 EGP. Does NOT cover interiors | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Area ticket students (foreigners) | 350 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Opening hours (official website) | 08:00–16:00 · Official sources contradict each other (PDF from 2020: 07:00–17:00); ticket office closes one hour before closing | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Ticket office closes before gate closes | 1 hour | Antiquities administration (standard practice) |
| Payment at ticket office | card only, no cash · Cashless sales since 2023; cash still needed for tips and small items | Daily News Egypt |
| Main entrance since 2025 | Great Gate on the desert road Cairo–Fayoum (southwest) · Replaces the old gate at Mena House; Sphinx Gate open but without ticket office | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Private vehicles on the plateau | banned since the 2025 reorganisation | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Electric shuttle | included in admission, hop-on/hop-off · Stops confirmed: Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Panorama Point, Sphinx | RESEARCH-BASE |
| Visitor operations | Orascom Pyramids Entertainment (OPE), 15-year contract since 2018 · Ticket revenue remains entirely with the state, plus 50% of project profit | Egyptian Streets |
| Visitors per year (operator figure) | 3,500,000 · Figure from 5 Jan 2026; target 5 million; no official figure per site published | Middle East Observer |
| Visitors per day (derived) | 9,600 · Calculated from 3.5 million/year | Middle East Observer |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 · Part of 'Memphis and its Necropolis', No. 86 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Area of World Heritage site | 16,358.52 ha | UNESCO / Wikidata |
| Length of pyramid field (Abu Roash to Dahshur) | 30 km · Over two dozen pyramids depending on counting method | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Great Pyramid of Khufu closed at noon | 12:00–13:00 | RESEARCH-BASE (on-site visit 2026-08-31) |
| Interior of Great Pyramid of Khufu (circulating figures) | 400–1,500 EGP · Three orders of magnitude circulate; daily quota ~300 in two windows (Hawass regulation after 1998) | RESEARCH-BASE (multiple sources, disputed) |
| Entry under 16 on Fri/Sat/holidays | only with ID or accompanied · Regulation from June 2022; current application unverified | Egypt Independent |
| Major concerts on the plateau since | 1978 · About 15 confirmed major performances in five decades, almost yearly since 2021 | The National |
| First professional boxing match on the plateau | 2026-05-23 · Usyk vs Verhoeven, T.K.o. round 11 | Saudi Press Agency |
| Private photography at sites | free, also with system/SLR cameras · Permit required: photo umbrellas, artificial light, equipment blocking paths | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Milky Way over the plateau | not visible (brightest night sky worldwide in the Nile Delta) · Starry-sky photos over the pyramids are montages | Falchi et al., Science Advances 2016 |
| Air purification system in the King's Chamber since | September 2025 · Plasmacluster; aim: reduce humidity, protect walls | Egyptian Streets |
| Great Sphinx23 | ||
| Length | 73 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Height | 20 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Width | 19 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza |
| Material | carved directly from the bedrock · Not a built structure, but a sculpture in natural limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Date of creation | 4th Dynasty, c. 2613–2494 BC · Thus the oldest of the Egyptian colossal statues | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Attribution | Reign of Khafre, c. 2558–2532 BC · The official wording is “the evidence points to” – attested but not proven | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Iconography | the king with a lion's body, as a sign of his power | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Sphinx Temple | immediately in front, next to the Valley Temple of Khafre | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Construction sequence | the Valley Temple was finished before work on the Sphinx began · Result of archaeological analysis, not tradition | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Facial features | striking resemblance to the statues of Khafre | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Interpretation in the New Kingdom | manifestation of the sun god, called Horemakhet (“Horus in the Horizon”) · 18th Dynasty, c. 1550–1295 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Temple of Amenhotep II | built next to the Sphinx, dedicated to this god · Amenhotep II, c. 1427–1400 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Dream Stele | erected by Thutmose IV between the front paws · Thutmose IV, c. 1400–1390 BC; the research figure given by NOVA is 1401–1391 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Content of the Dream Stele | The young prince rests at noon in the shadow of the Sphinx; the god promises him kingship in a dream if he removes the sand | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Purpose of the stele | legitimation of succession and fulfilment of the royal core duty to maintain sacred buildings | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Condition in the New Kingdom | largely buried in sand, presumably only the head visible | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| The Plateau in the New Kingdom | Court excursion area: hunting, chariot driving, archery, rest stops in the shade | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Dream Stele: material and size | Granite, just under four meters high, several tons · Only attested secondarily; according to a common interpretation, a reused lintel from the valley temple of Khafre | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Dream Stele: condition | about half of the text missing, crack from the twelfth line · Exposed in 1817 by Giovanni Battista Caviglia; thereafter accelerated weathering | Kasia Szpakowska in conversation with NOVA (PBS) |
| Public access | from the east through the valley temple of Khafre up to the viewing terrace · There is no walkable circular path on the north side of the pit; the closest distance is on the order of 30 to 50 m | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Access at paw level | official category "The Sphinx (Private Visits only + Site Opening Fee)" · Private booking outside opening hours with additional opening fee – not an invention of providers, but also not a normal ticket | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) |
| Claim of a second, buried sphinx | not attested · Presentation from June 2026 from the same group whose foundational work was withdrawn in August 2026 | Remote Sensing (MDPI), withdrawal notice 10.08.2026 |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Great Pyramid of Khufu25 | ||
| Original height | 146.6 m · 280 cubits; the official site says 146.5 m | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Current height | 138.5 m · The missing eight meters are the removed casing and the tip | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Base length | 230.33 m · 440 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Construction volume | 2,600,000 m³ | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Inclination angle | 51°50'40" · Corresponds to a seked of 5 1/2 handbreadths | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Material | Limestone, mortar, granite | Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza |
| Origin of the casing | Turah, south of Maadi, delivered by ship · The building was once completely clad with high-quality limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Builder | King Khufu, ca. 2589–2566 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Estimated construction time | 10 to 20 years · Official figure; exactly how it was built remains unresolved to this day | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Tallest building in the world | 3,800 years | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Seven Wonders of the World | only surviving one of the ancient seven wonders | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Chambers | 3 chambers · One in the bedrock, two in the masonry – according to the ministry, no other pyramid has this | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Sarcophagus | in the King's Chamber, still in place today | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Grand Gallery | corbelled ascent to the King's Chamber | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Boat pits on the south side | 2 ships · Found dismantled; the first boat is now in the Grand Egyptian Museum | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Interior visit foreigners (adults) | 1,000 EGP · Official amount; the site ticket is additionally required. In circulation are also 400 to 1,500 EGP – the ministry's figure is the reliable one | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Interior visit students | 500 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Opening hours (monument side) | 07:00–17:00 · Seven days; the site side of the same ministry says 08:00–16:00. The contradiction is official and unresolved | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) |
| Midday closure | 12:00–13:00 · Only the Great Pyramid of Khufu; documented in the project's research base | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Temporary closure | April 1, 1998 · Humidity inside had risen to 80 percent due to visitors | Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid |
| Water release per visitor | 20 g · Through breath and sweat; the moisture carries salts into the plaster and justifies the tight daily quota | Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid |
| Air purification system | since September 2025 in the King's Chamber and the chamber below · Plasmacluster technology; the system is located in the chambers, not in the Grand Gallery | Egyptian Streets / Ahram Online, September 2025 |
| ScanPyramids: Big Void | at least 30 m above the Grand Gallery · Muon radiography, published 2017 | Nature 2017 (ScanPyramids) |
| ScanPyramids: North Face Corridor | confirmed behind the chevron stones on the north side · Confirmed in 2025 by ground-penetrating radar, ultrasound, and resistivity measurement | Scientific Reports 2025 (North Face Corridor) |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 · As part of "Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur" | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Pyramid of Khafre23 | ||
| Original height | 143.5 m · Only slightly lower than the Great Pyramid of Khufu | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Current height | 136.4 m · 274 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Base length | 215.25 m | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Construction volume | 2,211,096 m³ | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Inclination angle | 53°10' · Steeper than the Great Pyramid of Khufu, which partially compensates for the height loss | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre |
| Builder | King Khafre, ca. 2558–2532 BC · A son of Khufu | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Location | built on slightly higher bedrock · Therefore it appears as tall as his father's – the official text explicitly calls this an intention | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Remaining casing | polished limestone blocks at the top · The only one of the three that still has its casing at the top | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Origin of the casing | Turah, south of Maadi, transported by ship | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Core masonry | Blocks of local limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Mortuary and valley temples | larger than those of all earlier pyramids · And among the best-preserved structures of the Old Kingdom | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Valley temple: construction | massive limestone blocks with granite facing, alabaster floors, monolithic granite pillars | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Valley temple: statue niches | symmetrically arranged, once filled with royal statues | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Most famous statue | Granodiorite seated figure with Horus falcon behind the head · Considered one of the masterpieces of ancient Egyptian art | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| The Great Sphinx | officially part of the Khafre complex · Listed literally as a “colossal statue next to his valley temple” | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Statue discoveries | 1860 by Auguste Mariette, some from a shaft in the temple | Giza Project, Harvard University |
| Current location of the statues | documented inconsistently · The official site names the Egyptian Museum, while the Harvard find catalogue lists most pieces with GEM inventory numbers | Giza Project, Harvard University |
| North-south axis relative to Khufu | about 0.5 arc minutes difference · Total station survey by Nell and Ruggles, December 2006 | Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) |
| Right angles of the sides | more precise than the Great Pyramid of Khufu · Same survey; the east-west axis of both is closer to true cardinal than the north-south axis | Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) |
| Valley temple in the area ticket | included · Thus the nearest accessible interior space at the Sphinx and the shadiest spot on the open site | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) |
| Interior visit | not officially indicated · The monument page lists no ticket block; circulating figures range from 130 to 280 EGP. Do not treat as a price | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) |
| Claimed structures beneath the pyramid | not substantiated · The March 2025 press conference relied on a method whose foundational work was withdrawn on 10 August 2026; the authors dispute the withdrawal | Remote Sensing (MDPI), withdrawal notice 10.08.2026 |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Pyramid of Menkaure20 | ||
| Original height | 65 m · 125 cubits | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Base area | 102.2 × 104.6 m · 200 cubits | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Construction volume | 235,183 m³ · About one tenth of the Great Pyramid of Khufu | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Inclination angle | 51°20'25" | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure |
| Builder | King Menkaure, c. 2532–2503 BC · Probably son of Khafre and grandson of Khufu | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Base area in comparison | less than a quarter of the other two · The ministry cites, among other reasons, the limited space on the plateau | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Casing material | Red granite from Aswan instead of limestone · Over 800 km transport route, and a considerably harder stone than limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Granite portion of the casing | only the lower quarter · The rest is limestone | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Condition at the end of his reign | unfinished · Menkaure died before completion; many granite blocks were never polished | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Mortuary and valley temples | planned as limestone with granite facing, executed in whitewashed mudbrick | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Funerary cult after his death | still practised for about 300 years | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Queen's pyramids | 3 pyramids | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Satellite pyramid | none found · It is suspected that the largest of the three queen's pyramids originally had this role | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Interior visit foreigners (adults) | 280 EGP · Official amount, area ticket also required | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Interior visit students | 140 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Opening hours (monument page) | 07:00–17:00 · Seven days | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) |
| Announced casing project | January 2024, estimated at three years · The granite blocks lying on the ground were to be reattached | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| Decision of the review committee | unanimous rejection · Reason: the original position of no single block can be determined | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| Instead recommended | surveying, sorting the fallen blocks, excavation in the rubble slope, making the site accessible to visitors · The construction project became a research and interpretation project – the current state remains | State Information Service (Review Committee Menkaure) |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Saqqara (Pyramid of Djoser)29 | ||
| Opening hours | 08:00–16:00 · Daily; checked 2026-08-31 | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Ticket structure | several individual tickets (area, Pyramid of Djoser, noble tombs, Mereruka, South Tomb, Serapeum) + combination ticket · The Serapeum is most often missing from packages | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Covered by the Giza ticket? | no – own ticket required | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities |
| Pyramid of Djoser | oldest monumental stone structure in the world (3rd Dynasty) | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Distance to Memphis | 4 km | Rome2Rio |
| UNESCO World Heritage since | 1979 · Part of World Heritage Site No. 86 | UNESCO World Heritage Centre |
| Distance from Cairo | 40 km · Southwest of the city | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Name origin | presumably from the god Sokar, the god of this necropolis | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Dating | c. 2686–2667 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Height | 62.5 m | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Base | 121 × 109 m | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Volume | 330,400 m³ | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Architect | Imhotep | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser |
| Pyramid of Djoser: Shape | six-stepped, four-sided – the very first Egyptian pyramid | Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser |
| Pyramid of Unas | oldest burial chamber of a pyramid decorated with texts · The Pyramid Texts were meant to protect the king on his journey to the afterlife | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Unas: Reign | c. 2375–2345 BC | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Serapeum | underground galleries with the burials of the Apis bulls · in use from the 18th Dynasty to the Ptolemaic period | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Apis bull | considered an embodiment of Ptah; there was only ever one at a time | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Tomb of Horemheb | built here as a general, never used as a king · After his accession to the throne, he had a second tomb built in the Valley of the Kings | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Monastery of Apa Jeremias | Coptic remains, in use until the 8th century AD | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Imhotep Museum | on site, displays finds from the entire span of the site | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Site ticket foreigners (adults) | 600 EGP · Students 300 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Pyramid of Djoser (interior visit) | 280 EGP · Students 140 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Serapeum | 340 EGP · Students 170 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Noble tombs and New Kingdom tombs | 400 EGP · Students 200 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Tomb of Mereruka | 200 EGP · Students 100 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| South Tomb in the Djoser complex | 300 EGP · Students 150 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Combination ticket | 1,400 EGP · Students 700 EGP. Covers the grounds, Imhotep Museum, noble tombs, New Kingdom tombs, Mereruka and Mehu – not the Serapeum and not the Pyramid of Djoser | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Vehicle ticket | Car and taxi 25, minibus 50, coaster 75, bus 100 EGP | Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) |
| Giza (city) and the climate17 | ||
| Population | 4,458,135 inhabitants · as of 2023; third-largest city in Egypt | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| City area | 98.4 km2 | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Elevation above sea level | 30 m | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Latitude | 29.99 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Longitude | 31.21 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Founded | 642 AD | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Administrative seat | Capital of Giza Governorate | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Visitors 2025 | 14,700,000 people · According to the article, the most visited destination in Egypt | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Road to Giza Plateau | 12.2 km · From Giza city center; the plateau lies on the western edge of the city | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Driving time to Giza Plateau | 15 min · Free-flow time without traffic; in Greater Cairo realistically much longer | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Distance to Memphis (Mit Rahina) | less than 30 km south | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| International airport | CAI IATA · According to the article 45 km from Giza via the Cairo-Alexandria desert road | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Second airport: Sphinx International (SPX) | opened 2018 · explicitly built to serve the plateau and the Grand Egyptian Museum | Wikipedia (en): Sphinx International Airport |
| Sphinx Airport to Giza Plateau | 36.8 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Cairo University on site since | 1924 AD · The campus is in Giza, not Cairo | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Public transit | Cairo Metro, shared network with Cairo | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Nearest official climate station | Cairo Airport (NOAA normals 1991-2020) · According to the article, the climate matches that of Cairo; no official normals are available for Giza | Wikipedia (en): Giza |
| Cairo: Normals from the nearest station41 | ||
| Population (city) | 9,801,536 inhabitants · as of 2023 | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Population (Greater Cairo) | 22,200,000 inhabitants | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| City area | 606 km² | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Greater area | 2,744 km² | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Elevation | 23 m | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Latitude | 30.04 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Longitude | 31.24 degrees | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Founding of the Fatimid city | 969 AD · Earlier predecessor settlements (Babylon, Fustat) are significantly older | Wikipedia (en): Cairo |
| Nearest airport | CAI IATA | Wikipedia (en): Cairo International Airport |
| Airport to city center | 20.7 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Road to Giza Plateau | 16.5 km | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| Driving time to Giza Plateau | 18 min · Free-flow time without traffic; in Greater Cairo, realistically much longer | OSRM routing on OpenStreetMap data |
| January daily high | 18.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| January daily low | 10.1°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| February daily high | 20.5°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| February daily low | 11°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| March daily high | 23.8°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| March daily low | 13.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| April daily high | 28.1°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| April daily low | 15.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| May daily high | 32.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| May daily low | 19.3°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| June daily high | 34.6°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| June daily low | 22.2°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| July daily high | 35°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| July daily low | 23.8°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| August daily high | 34.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| August daily low | 24.3°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| September daily high | 33.4°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| September daily low | 22.7°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| October daily high | 30°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| October daily low | 20°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| November daily high | 24.9°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| November daily low | 15.6°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| December daily high | 20.5°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| December daily low | 11.7°C · Station Cairo Airport (CAI) | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual precipitation | 24.8 mm | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual mean of daily maximum temperatures | 28.1°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Annual mean of daily minimum temperatures | 17.5°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Highest recorded value | 47.8°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
| Lowest recorded value | 1.2°C | NOAA climate normals 1991-2020 via Wikipedia |
At the Gate: Card Payment, Changing Opening Hours, and Electric Shuttle
Since 2025, the main entrance is the Great Gate on the desert road between Cairo and Fayoum. The gate at the Sphinx is open but has no ticket counter. At the counter, only card payments are accepted; cash is not taken. Current opening hours are 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.; an older official figure from 2020 is 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Ticket sales close one hour before the end of opening hours. Private vehicles have not been allowed onto the plateau since 2025. Instead, an electric shuttle runs, stopping at the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the Pyramid of Khafre, the Pyramid of Menkaure, the Panorama Point, and the Sphinx. This shuttle is included in the area ticket.
Who This Tour Suits and Which Alternative Is Cheaper
This tour suits you if you want a private booking, i.e., you do not want to travel in an open group; a small-group option is not indicated. It also suits you if a German-speaking guide is crucial. If you do not want to pay the entry-level price, you will find in the same category the tour "Pyramid, Memphis, Sakkara with optional Dahshur and Felucca Tour" from €31; it also lists German as the guiding language. The provider says nothing about wheelchair accessibility for this tour.
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Six offers that a reader of this page might actually waver between: same departure point first, then same destinations, then similar duration. Each card leads to the page with the same data sheet, not directly to the provider, so you can compare before booking.
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The order follows proximity to this tour, not commission. Reviews, prices and availability according to GetYourGuide, retrieved on 2026-09-03. Prices in euros; "from" is the provider's lowest entry price.
Frequently asked questions
Is entry to the plateau included in this offer?
Yes. The area ticket of about €11 (700 Egyptian pounds) is included in the price.
How long does the tour actually take?
The catalog does not specify. This range is counted from the meeting point or hotel, not from the gate; in Cairo traffic, a good half hour to a full hour each way should be deducted.
Is there a German-speaking guide?
Yes, the provider lists German as the guiding language. That is a promise by the provider, not a verified attribute of the person on site.
Will I get into a pyramid with this?
The offer says nothing about that, which is the case for 175 out of 252 offers. You buy the ticket on site; for the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the official price is about €16 (1,000 Egyptian pounds).
Is the rating of this offer meaningful?
Yes. 5.0 stars from 10 reviews is above the threshold of 4.0 with at least ten votes that this page sets.
Where can I find all data on this tour?
In the data sheet on this page. It lists every detail about the tour, each destination, and the climate of the departure city, each with a source, and can be downloaded as a CSV.
GetYourGuide
Giza Pyramids, Sakkara, Mysterious Serapeum, Dahshur
Dates, available spaces, and the latest version of services are with the provider. This page reflects the catalog status, not the status as of this morning.
from 155 €
ViewSources
Every figure on this page comes from one of these sources. The running text does not name them to keep it readable; the data sheet lists the source in each line.
- 1GetYourGuide: Gizeh-Pyramiden, Sakkara, Mystisches Serapeum, Dahschur abgerufen 2026-09-03Title, duration, services, languages, cancellation policy, stars, number of reviews, and entry-level price.
- 2Kursdatensatz des Projekts, partners/fx.json abgerufen 2026-09-03Conversion of Egyptian pounds to euros, 59.14 EGP per euro. Amounts are rounded down because "from" indicates a lower limit.
- 3Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 4Altertümerverwaltung (Regelpraxis) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 5Daily News Egypt abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 6RESEARCH-BASE abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 7Egyptian Streets abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 8Middle East Observer abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 9UNESCO World Heritage Centre abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 10UNESCO / Wikidata abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 11RESEARCH-BASE (Ortstermin 2026-08-31) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 12RESEARCH-BASE (mehrere Quellen, umstritten) abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 13Egypt Independent abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 14The National abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 15Saudi Press Agency abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 16Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 17Falchi et al., Science Advances 2016 abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 18Egyptian Streets abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 19Wikipedia (en): Great Sphinx of Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 20Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Sphinx) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 21Kasia Szpakowska im Gespraech mit NOVA (PBS) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 22Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Giza Plateau) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 23Remote Sensing (MDPI), Ruecknahmehinweis 10.08.2026 abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 24Wikipedia (en): Great Pyramid of Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 25Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (The Great Pyramid) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 26Zahi Hawass, Restoring the Great Pyramid abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 27Egyptian Streets / Ahram Online, September 2025 abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 28Nature 2017 (ScanPyramids) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 29Scientific Reports 2025 (North Face Corridor) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 30Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Khafre) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 31Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Khafre abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 32Giza Project, Harvard University abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 33Nell & Ruggles, Archaeoastronomy 25 (2012) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 34Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Pyramid Complex of Menkaure) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 35Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Menkaure abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 36State Information Service (Pruefkommission Mykerinos) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 37Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 38Rome2Rio abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 39Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Saqqara) abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 40Wikipedia (en): Pyramid of Djoser abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 41Wikipedia (en): Giza abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 42OSRM-Routing auf OpenStreetMap-Daten abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 43Wikipedia (en): Sphinx International Airport abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 44Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities abgerufen 2026-09-04
- 45RESEARCH-BASE abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 46UNESCO World Heritage Centre abgerufen 2026-09-04
- 47Egypt Independent abgerufen 2026-08-31
- 48Rome2Rio abgerufen 2026-09-04
- 49Wikipedia (en): Cairo abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 50Wikipedia (en): Cairo International Airport abgerufen 2026-09-03
- 51NOAA-Klimanormalen 1991-2020 via Wikipedia abgerufen 2026-09-03